Showing posts with label pixel. Show all posts
Showing posts with label pixel. Show all posts

15 January 2015

Where Do I Start When Designing a New RGB Pixel Project for My Holiday Display?

HolidayCoro receives a large number of questions each year from people that just don't know exactly where to start with the design of an RGB element (House Outline, MegaTree, arches, etc) and we can completely understand how overwhelming the process can be when just starting out.  After working with so many customers, we have come to see a fairly standard process emerge that can bring most customers through from "How do I" to "I did it!".  Please note that due to the complexity involved with each project, this article, as detailed as it is, does not contain 100% of the technical information needed for your project.  Please consult with your vendor for application specific advice.

Here is a broad overview of how that process works and listed below is a more detailed breakdown of each major task and what you should consider at each decision point.

(Click picture to enlarge)
Let's start with a few questions that you are likely to ask yourself as you read this:
  • I don't want to solder 
    • While there are some elements that lend themselves to full plug-n-play solutions, such as MegaTrees, other elements such as a house outline are 100% custom and since each house and design requirement is unique, it is almost a sure thing that you'll need to customize the hardware you purchase to meet your specific needs and this most often means - soldering and building items yourself.  So, consider this factor when picking the project you want to build.
    • To those that are worried about soldering - we have many of our own videos on the subject and YouTube is also filled with thousands more on the general process of soldering and we are almost sure that once your try it out, it won't be as hard as you though.
    • HolidayCoro also offers a number of products with strip and nodes (see below for what these are) that feature pre-soldered and attached waterproof connections.
  • What is a Pixel?
    • A Smart RGB pixel is a single light or a small group of lights (each themselves comprised of an Red, Green and Blue light), usually never more than 4 total lights, that are individually controlled much like a "pixel" in your computer screen.  That pixel can be any color (hundreds to millions) and can be directly controlled separate of the other pixels.  What a pixel is NOT is a full string of lights that all turn the same color, even if they are RGB, at the same time.  Pixels are ALWAYS individually controlled (within a small grouping of lights).  There is no such item as a "Dumb Pixel", all pixels are "Smart".
  • You are talking only about "smart" or "intelligent" pixels but what about dumb RGB?
    • A number of years ago, before the advent of super-cheap pixels and the availability of high pixel count controllers (E1.31 controllers), dumb was a reasonable direction to consider over smart pixels.  Fast forward to 2016, with prices for smart pixels and controllers generally running 20-30% more over dumb, it now makes little sense to go with dumb on most larger elements (house outlines, MegaTrees, arches) over smart pixels.  That said, there are still places dumb RGB makes sense but that area is growing smaller everyday.
  • What voltage should I use for my RGB lights?
    • The two most common RGB light voltages are 5v and 12v DC.  See our Knowledge Base article about the pro's and con's of using each voltage type and some common rules of tumb for each type of project and light type.
  • What pixel controller do I need for my project?
    • It is common for people to be concerned about controller selection early on in a project and what we find is - it just doesn't matter.  We say that you don't pick a controller, the controller picks you and that is because when you've properly defined your project as to design, power and pixel count, the possible choices of pixel controllers is usually pretty narrow and obvious.
  • I don't know anything about DMX - is this going to be hard?
    • If you are currently an LOR customer and you worry about "learning" DMX, it isn't hard at all.  There are only two things to learn about DMX:
      • A DMX Universe has up to 512 channels (or 170 pixels, each with 3 DMX channels).
      • A controller simply has a DMX start address for something (such as pixels) hooked up to it, so if you have a 24 channel controller and you set the controller up as DMX channel 1 in universe 1, the controller will use DMX channels 1-24.
      • That's how simple it is!
  • Can I hook up (daisy chain) E1.31 (AlphaPix controllers) with my LOR Controllers?
    • No - E1.31 (DMX over Ethernet) is a completely different signalling system than LOR controllers which use an older technology called RS-485 - not Ethernet which is used in E1.31.  To split the signal to multiple E1.31 controllers, use a cheap network switch.  For a complete list of all possible inter-operational solutions with LOR and DMX networks, see our Knowledge Base.

PICK A SINGLE PROJECT

It can be a bit overwhelming to see YouTube videos of amazing RGB displays and think - how do I get there?  Well, it starts with narrowing your choice to a single project or "element".  While it is important to think of the overall display design, such as where you might put arches, or a singing character or a MegaTree, once you decide on a given element, then you need to narrow your project to just that element.  Most often controllers, power and other factors are centralized to that specific element and thus stand alone from other elements in the display, so, building one element at a time most often makes the most sense.

There are many different elements you can pick from but the three most common RGB elements are:

Picking a single project will allow you to focus and get a win and make future RGB based projects much easier.

DETERMINE THE DESIGN

Once you've narrowed your choice to a selected element you want to build, you'll want to determine the specific design you want that element to have.  Design factors of some of the common elements include:
  • RGB Pixel House Outline
    • What areas of the house should you outline?
      • Roof?  
      • Gutter/fascia? 
      • Windows? 
      • Doors? 
      • Garage?
    • What type of lights do you want to use - strip / ribbon or bulbs?
  • RGB Pixel MegaTree
    • Where is the tree going to be located?  
      • Up against the house?  
      • On the corner out by itself?  
      • In the middle of the yard?
    • How large do you want it to be?  
    • Will it overwhelm the other parts of the display?
    • What type of lights do you want to use - strip / ribbon or nodes?
  • RGB Pixel Arches
    • How many arches?  
    • What length?  
    • What height?
Without a clear idea of the design, it is nearly impossible to properly determine what should come in the next steps.  Note that while there are some common questions listed above that you should be asking yourself, there are always many more that are specific your location, budget and even motivation.  Also note that at this point it can be hard to determine the cost of an element until the entire process is completed, so you may need to go through the entire process of design and specification, then return back to either scale up or down a project based on cost.

DETERMINE THE LIGHT TYPE

Asian Country Style Pixel Node Channel Letter Sign
Now that we have the question of where we should put the lights in or on our element, we need to determine the actual type of light we want to use to reach our design goal.  There are a number of different physical formats of RGB pixel lights on the market today, the major groups include:
  • Node
    • This type of pixel is native to the sign industry in Asia.  As where in the US we install LED lights in a channel letter sign and face the sign with acrylic, in Asia they often will use sheet metal instead of acrylic and fill this area with 12mm holes in which these nodes are mounted.  The holiday light community has adopted these nodes for their own uses outside of being mounted into a sign blank.
    • Other names or descriptions include:  bullet, flat, square, 8mm, 12mm, "string" (grouping of nodes)
    • Common traits include: A "neck" that is designed to fit into a ~12mm hole in ~1/32" thick sheet metal.
    • Examples of two major styles of these nodes are shown below:
            
"Bullet" Style Node with 8mm LED
Note the "Neck" for the 12mm Hole
"Flat" or "Square" Style Node with 8mm LED




  • Strip
    • Other names or descriptions include:  ribbon, flex-strip, tape, "CCR" or Color Cosmic Ribbon
    • Common traits include:  Flexible (also available in a rigid format but that is uncommon in holiday lighting since we mount it to a substrate), usually sold in meter long lengths coiled into "rolls".  Waterproof and non-waterproof "boots" - generally you can ignore "IP" ratings as they are often fake or misleading.
    • Pixel strip is normally defined by the meter length.  As such, you usually see pixel strip listed as: 30/10 or 30 LED/s per meter, 10 IC/s per meter.  These numbers define the strip construction and by these two major numbers:
      • LEDs per Meter (LEDs/m) -  For a given one meter (39 inches) length of strip, this says how many LEDs it contains.  For RGB strip, that LED is 5mm by 5mm in size, (most often called 5050's) each one which contains all three (RGB) LEDs.  So, 30 LED/m strip will contain thirty, 5050 LEDs, each which contains three individual color LEDS. Technically, this would mean that a 1 meter length section of 30LED/m would contain 90 individual LED lights.
      • ICs per Meter - This defines how many IC's or integrated circuits are located in a single meter of strip.  A much easier way to think of this is "Pixels per Meter" instead since what it really means is how many, individual lights or small groupings of lights can be individually controlled.  A common strip might have "10 ICs/m", so this means that in the 1 meter length there are 10 "sections" or pixels that can be controlled.  When the number of IC's is divided into the number of LEDs per meter, you know how many individual lights make up a group, if any.  For 30/10 strip, this would mean that over the 30 LEDs in that meter, every 3 LEDs makes up one "pixel".
    • When the LEDs and the ICs become the same number, such as 30/30 or 60/60, that means that each LED is directly controlled, not a group of LEDs.
    • Voltage - For strip, the absolute most common voltage is 12 volts.  It just works too well not to recommend it for the small price difference over 5 volts.  When you should be using 5 volt strip, you'll know.
    • Pixel strips come in a huge variety, the most common being 30/10 but also 30/30, 48/16, 60/20,60/60 and others.
    • Always purchase strip in a silicon "boot", we recommend without "injection" for easier soldering and repairs.  Strips with "silicon injection" are not necessarily stronger.
    • You might noticed that often 12v strips will come with 3 LEDs per pixel and there is a good reason for this - it allows the power to be run in series instead of parallel, improving the power efficiency of the strip.  Strips with 30/30 or 60/60 often have to have "buck" converters to reduce the voltage from 12v to 5v throughout the strip to accomplish the same thing and as a result, are more expensive - they also have limits on where they can be cut.
    • Here are some samples of RGB pixel strip shown below:
Section of pixel showing 48 LED/16IC strip
Note the two pixels are a group of 3 LEDs

        
48 LED/16IC Strip
30 LED/10IC Strip


Close up of an RGB 5050 (5mm x 5mm) LED
  • Modules
    • Other names or descriptions include:  square, rectangle, puck
    • Common traits include:  Many different types of RGB LEDS (5mm, 12mm, 5050, etc) mounted in a self contained housing of either plastic or metal.
    • Modules are often variations of strip or modules.  For example, a rectangle pixel module (see below) often is just a single pixel with the same type of LEDs (5050) and the same format of 3 LEDs but instead of being in a flexible strip, are instead mounted into a rigid housing with wire connecting the modules together.
    • Modules are typically used when pixels need to be mounted in many different directions, such as on curves, stars or in-fill
    • Here are some samples of modules below:
            
Rectangle Modules
Normally sold connected but can be cut apart
  • Bulbs
    • Other names or descriptions include:  Brilliant Bulbs (sold by HolidayCoro), CCB
    • Common traits include:  A diffused cover of either milky or clear plastic is placed over a variety of LED types (8mm and 5050's are common).
    • These are designed to mimic the look of "traditional" C7 or C7 bulbs.
    • Typically come with wire separating each pixel of a few inches to a foot.
    • As these bulbs are not "normal" C7 or C9 bulbs, mounting them can be fairly different than typically done with standard "legacy" bulbs.
    • Here are some samples of bulbs below:



If you've never seen these types of lights, you might want order a sample kit that contains a few of each type of pixel.

DETERMINE MOUNTING LOCATION AND METHOD


The process of determining how you mount the selected light is sometimes a process of refinement.  You may need to select a light type (from above) but also at the same time consider how that light will be mounted.  Nearly all pixel types need to be mounted to some sort of substrate or mounting system.  That can be many types of items, from PVC pipe, EMT pipe, rope, banding, custom mounting adapters, steel, plastic sheet, coro and many others.  Why do pixels require this mounting?  Several reasons - the first is that pixels are a bit more fragile than traditional lights and the second is that pixels, in most cases, need to be very accurately aligned and spaced to ensure a consistent appearance.  Remember, each of these lights (or group of lights) is directly referenced in "space" within your sequencing application and thus they need to be in a predictable location and pattern.

An important factor to consider when selecting a mounting location is one thing - your viewer and audience.  If your display is viewed from the road, stand in the road at the same height a typical viewer would see your display.  If your display has lots of foot traffic, look at the display from all the possible angles your viewer would be at.  Placing elements or lights that overlap one another or are only partially visible will distract from the overall effectiveness of your display (e.g. - MegaTree in front of a house outline).  A general rule of thumb is to place larger items to the back of the display (megatrees) and smaller items towards the front (arches, mini-trees).

Start by selecting the mounting location - this will vary based on the element itself but will be defined by the pixel type you've selected.  Here are some general areas to consider for several common projects:
  • RGB Pixel House Outline
    • Make sure that all outlines can be seen from the normal viewing point of your audience.
    • Considering mounting methods that allow easy installation and removal like the HolidayCoro PVC pipe clip.
    • Fasica / soffit
      • On front of fascia - Consider issues such as snow or ice obstruction, daytime "look" and if the mounting system will be left up year round, consider how that will look when the lights are removed leaving the mounting hooks / clips / etc.  
      • Under fascia or soffit - A preferred mounting location when used with year-round installations.  Be aware of the reflection of light off the wall and soffit as this can create undesired "wall washing".
    • Doors / Windows / Garage
    • Roof Line - Make that your audience can actually see the entire roof line.
    • See our blog post for more ideas and factors to consider
  • RGB Pixel MegaTree
    • The first major factor in a MegaTree to consider is the viewing angle and how many degrees your MegaTree needs to be to be fully visible (assuming this is what you want) at all time.  A typical tree will be 180 degrees since all pixels will be pointing away from the center of the tree and most trees because of their size are located at the back of a display, it doesn't make sense to have lights on the back of the tree.
    • A RGB Pixel MegaTree is just a large rectangle matrix of pixels, instead just wrapped in a cone.  As such, you need to mount these pixels consistently with vertical and horizontal spacing.  Pixels can't just be left "dangling" without support or directional assistance.
    • The two most common pixel types are strip and nodes.
      • Strip - Usually limited to 16 ft and is most often supported with EMT or PVC pipe and using zip ties or velcro to attach the strip to the pipe.  Rarely used in 20 ft + MegaTrees.
      • Nodes - Sizes can be 40 feet + usually without issue.  Products like our PixNode Strip(tm) can be used for mounting pixels.  Also consider how the node mounting system will work with your support system.  You may wish to check out the HolidayCoro QuickTree(tm) Pixel MegaTree mounting system.
  • RGB Pixel Arches
    • Nearly all Pixel Arches are built using just three items:
      • 3/4" PVC pipe bent into an arch
      • Zip Ties or Velcro to attach pixel strip to the PVC pipe
      • Rebar (usually 24" to 36" long) put into the ground at an angle and the PVC pipe slid over the top of the rebar.
    • Some people will use diffusers of plastic or other materials to create a more blended color output also but this is not required.
An important part is to think through the entire life cycle when designing your mounting system - consider not only the cost and time to build but also how hard it will be to install, repair if needed and remove from your display.  Also consider storage in the off season.

DETERMINE HOW MANY LIGHTS ARE NEEDED


At this point you should now know what type of light and how you will be mounting that light but a still more important decision - how many of those lights, needs to be determined.  There are some pretty logical factors to consider when selecting your lights, so let's start with an analogy of two other items that use pixels in your daily life and how they can be used to help determine how many lights we might need.

Density vs. Distance
Both the TV in your home and the monitor on your computer, laptop, tablet or phone have one purpose - to convey information to you through a grid of individually controlled RGB pixels and there are some very close associations between those devices and a pixel based element for a holiday display.

Try this - go up to your 55"+ flat screen TV and look closely, at about 2 feet or so from the TV and you'll likely be able to make out the individual pixels and the resulting picture is coarse and grainy but if you stand back to a more normal viewing distance of say 15 feet, you just see a nice smooth picture without a hint of the coarseness.

Now go up to your computer monitor and from the same two foot distance, look for the pixels.  With any modern monitor you won't see the pixels, just like you can't see the pixels on your 55" flat screen from 15 feet away.  Each monitor might have the same  number of pixels but what matters is the density (screen size in this case) of those pixels in relationship to the viewing distance.

What this shows us is that there is a relationship between the spacing of the pixels and the viewing distance from the pixels themselves and RGB pixels used in holiday displays are no different.  Listed below are some general guidelines on the types of pixels, their density and how far is a recommended distance to view them:
Pixel Type Recommended Viewing Distance
8mm Node - 1" Center to Center Spacing 10 to 50 Feet
8mm Node - 2" Center to Center Spacing 20 to 80 Feet
8mm Node - 3" Center to Center Spacing 60 to 120 Feet
60/60 Strip 5 to 40 Feet
60/20 Strip 10 to 60 Feet
48/16 Strip 15 to 80 Feet
30/30 Strip 15 to 60 Feet
30/10 Strip 30 to 170 Feet

So you might ask your self - well, why wouldn't I want more pixels - won't it make my display look better? There are a variety of factors at play here:
  • More pixels doesn't equal better quality at certain distances - For example, a common mistake is that people will want to use 60/60 strip to outline a house with a viewing distance of 150 feet or more.  At that distance it just isn't possible for normal people to see the individual pixels.
  • More pixels is just more channels - For every pixel you add, it adds three additional channels.  While that might not sound bad, going from a common 30/10 strip to a 60/60 strip on a house outline will result in five time more channels.  Those channels then add up to more work for the sequencing application to process, more network data, larger sequence files with larger file sizes and even if you surpass the limits on your controllers channel count - more controllers and all for what?  Nothing that the viewer could see as a difference.
  • More pixels, is more lights, is more power - As you add more pixels, normally you are a adding more lights also for each pixel and this of course increases the overall amount of power.  Increasing light counts increases all kinds of issues - larger gauge wires, more power injection points, more power supplies, more housings and often, more controllers and more money.  Again, unless the viewer could actually make use of those pixels, it was all for nothing.  On a side note - yes, there could be cases where you want a very high level of light output and putting greater density is one way to do that but keep in mind that the way the human eye sees light isn't linear - so doubling the number of lights won't anywhere near double the light a person "sees".  This is the same phenomenon where you can see a red stop light at 12 midnight nearly as well as you can during the brightest part of the day - your eye and brain moderate the amount of light you "see".
  • Color mixing -  Let's use an example of two pixel strips, both viewed from a distance of 75 feet, a common viewing distance for holiday displays.  One strip is 30/10 which means there is one pixel with three LEDs every 4 inches.  The other strip is 60/60 which means that there is one pixel every .65 inch.  Let's then turn on each alternating pixel to red, green, red, green and so on.  When viewed on the 30/10 strip at the 75 foot distance, you are going to see the individual pixels, each 4" long and each pixel will be a distinct color with very little color mixing - it will look like what you expected when you sequenced it.  Now if we view the 60/60 strip, with their .65" spaced pixels, you likely aren't going to get clean red and green alternating colors but instead you are going to get a muted mix of colors mostly as a yellow color.  What happened here?  The strip itself was red, green, etc but since the pixels were so close and the viewer so far away, the colors started to mix when seen by the viewer.  So, as you can see, more isn't always better and can even result in negative results.
The take-away here is that you should select a pixel and pixel density that is relevant to your display.  Keep in mind that some pixel format's pixel density can be adjusted, such as bulbs or nodes but others density is completely fixed, such as with strip.

CALCULATE POWER AND PIXEL COUNTS


We are entering the final stretch and we'll need to take off our design hat and put on our math hat so we can determine how many pixels we will end up with and how much power it will take to run all those pixels.  First you need to start with pixel counts.

For pixels with a fixed distance, this is easy - you just take your distances and divide in the number of pixels and you get the resulting number of pixels in a given distance.  For example, if we have a house outline that has a section that is 20 feet long and we want to use 30/10 pixels strip which has one pixel every 4 inches, we end up with the following:

20 ft * 12 = 240 inches over the length
240 inches / 4 inch pixels = 60 pixels over the 20 ft length

Check with your vendor for specific spacing amounts.  Most pixels will have the following specs:
  • Minimum Spacing - This is the closest two pixels can be installed,  For a "bullet" pixel node it might be about 1.5 inches from center to center.  For other pixels there is no adjustment possible, such as with pixel strip which is fixed in spacing.
  • Maximum Spacing - This is the furthest distance two pixels can be installed apart and the usual limit is based on the length of the wire.  Be careful about "spacing" or "wire" lengths listed by vendors, for example, a pixel node might be listed as 3" spacing but when installed, only have 2.5" spacing.  Make sure to confirm center to center spacing, not just the distance of the wire that was used to assemble the pixels.  Again, some pixels such as strip are fixed in spacing.
  • Maximum Gaps - Keep in mind that with pixels, there is a limit to the distance that can be spanned between them or from the controller to the first pixel.  This limit varies based on a large number of factors but a "safe" number is usually 15 feet with 20 feet often being possible.  If you need to go longer between pixels, you'll need to setup "null" or "ghost" pixels that serve only one purpose - to repeat the data from one pixel to another but are not intended to be used for light output.
We would recommend using a spreadsheet to perform your calculations, such as the one available in the House Outline blog post or one of your own design.  Along with pixel count calculations, it can also be useful for keeping track of channels and assignments to those channels.

Now that you have the actual number of pixels for the project calculated, you are able to calculate the power requirements.  I will caution this is more an art than what should be a science because of the huge number of factors that come into play, including:
  • Accuracy of the posted pixel vendor specifications - Even a difference of a new milliamps of power when multiplied over a few thousand pixels can add up to large differences.  Please note that Chinese specs on items purchased directly out of China are notoriously incorrect.
  • Accuracy of the actual item purchase - It is extremely common for wire gauges to be labelled incorrectly, even down to what is printed on your wire.  That "18 AWG" pixel wire is more likely to actually be 20 or even 22 AWG.  This affects the overall current carrying capacity of the wire.
  • Wire type - Wire in the actual cables can be anything from copper clad aluminium, to copper clad tin to 100% copper and each type of wire has different current carrying capacities.  
  • Wire distances - The overall distances of the wire used will affect the current carrying capacity.  Where possible, always use the shortest possible wire between pixels.  
  • Temperature - Current carrying capacity is affected by the temperature of the wire.  Additionally, as pixels increase in temperature when they are running, resistance increases.
  • Voltage - As voltage goes up, the amount of wattage for the same given cable size will increase.  Of course this is a double edge sword - this results in pre-mature damage to the pixels and additional waste heat.
  • HD Strip - If you are using strip/ribbon, there are Standard (most common) and Heavy Duty strips, check with your vendor for the maximum length of strip before power injection is required.
The only sure way to determine power consumption is to simply measure it.  We have a video here that shows how to measure current on your RGB lights:


To get into the ball park, you can use vendor supplied numbers.  Each vendor is likely to list their power consumption in different ways, so you'll need to get to some common amount and we recommend watts as a point of measurement.  Watts is calculated based on the following formula:

Volts * Amps = Watts
12 Volts * 1 Amp = 12 Watts

For amps, you might see a reference to "mA" also, which is:
1 Amp = 1,000 mA (milliamps)

So, let's use several examples to convert them to Watts:
  • .7 Watts per pixel = .7 Watts or .058 amps @ 12 volts (.7 Watts / 12 Volts)
  • 30mA per pixel = .36 Watts (.03 Amps * 12 Volts)

Of course to determine total wattage, you just multiply the watts per pixel, so a 50 count pixel string with 30mA pixels would be 18 Watts or 1.5 amps @ 12 volts.

Gather all this information and put it into your spreadsheet along with the pixel counts.

SELECT THE CONTROLLER(S)

We've arrived at the point that ironicly most people are worried about which often is one of the easier parts (considering the complexity of power calculations) - picking the pixel controller or controllers needed to operate all your pixels.  

Let's start with one common issue - power, yes, it seems like we were done with that but there are still a few things to consider.  Controllers will be rated in Amp per output and a common amount is around 5 amps.  Let's say that you have a string of pixels that you've calculated will require 8 amps - you might go looking for a controller that will handle 8 amps and then wonder why someone doesn't sell one like that - it is for a good reason and it has to do with resistance.  Since pixels are small with little tiny circuit boards that have small places to solder small gauge wire to, there is always a limit to how much current can be passed down the common 18-20 AWG wires found in pixels before it just won't go any further.  For an example of this, see this video:


What you can see in the video above is - it just doesn't matter how powerful the power supply is or how much power the controller can provide, there is just a limit to how much power you can "push" down a small group of wires.  So what do you do about this?  This is where power injection comes in and this process is where you bring power from the same power supply that supplies the controller and inject it later down the line in the middle or end of the pixels.  Here is an example of what that looks like:

Injecting Power with Pixels
So, this explains why it only partially matters what the output current of your controller is as there is a limit to how much power could even be supplied from the controller to the furthest lights on long strings of lights.

There are just a few areas that you need to know to pick the right controller and they are:
  • Power per Output - Each controller is going to have a rated amount for how much current can be output over a single connection.  Do NOT go by fuse value as the fuse isn't there to "limit" the current, it is there to prevent a short of wiring.  In fact, it is highly likely that you could hook up many more amps of lights than the rated output and the fuse will still not blow as a result of the resistance from the wire and lights themselves.  When in doubt - pull out a meter and measure it - you might be surprised.
  • Power per Bank - In a 16 output pixel controller it is common that the controller will be broken, from a power standpoint, into two banks and that those banks are often around 24-30 amps.  There is a good reason for this - this also happens to be the standard amount of power of a 350 Watt power supply (12v @ 29 amps).  If all the lights connected to both banks are less than the total amount of power supplied by the power supply, a single power supply can then supply both banks of power, otherwise you may need to break the power into two banks with two separate power supplies.
  • Power per Controller - This is the total power for both banks combined.
  • Pixels per Output / Controller - Controllers have varying different limits of pixels they can control.  Those limits are along a single output, such as 170 pixels or 680 pixels per physical output.  So, when you are laying out which strings or runs of pixels need to be connected to a given output on the controller, be aware of power but also be aware of the need to limit the pixel count if the controller isn't able to handle it - or upgrade to a controller that can handle your needed pixel count.
Most other features are going to be pretty common on most pixel controllers, things like protocol support, null pixels and channel configuration.  You can find HolidayCoro Pixel controllers here.

SELECT THE SEQUENCING SOFTWARE

This actually is the easiest part since nearly all controllers, including all pixel controllers from HolidayCoro work with all the common sequencing software on the market today - and even many other non-sequencing applications.  So, it is a simple matter of picking one that fits your budget, features and comfort level.   Here is a list of sequencing applications, plus some various different factors on each one.  Please note that a number of items in this chart are based on opinion:


Application Name Price Range Complexity Functionality Self-Sequencing Support Notes
Light-O-Rama S3 Advanced $140-$440
Free trial
Moderate Moderate With SuperStar Lights (expensive)

With Nutcracker123 (complicated but free)
Well supported Advanced version must be used for use with DMX Controllers.  Most common and well supported sequencing application.

Can be complicated to setup.

LOR generally refuses to support or troubleshoot with 3rd party hardware.
LightShow Pro $99-$399
Free trial
Very High High to Very High depending on your skills Yes, built into the product Poor support Often requires work arounds. Very functional app but requires a lot of time to get up to speed.
Vixen 3 Free High Varies / Depends on Forum and source
Hinkle's Light Sequencing Application Free Moderate Moderate Varies / Depends on Forum and source.  See DIYC Forum.

Since most paid vendors have trial editions, this allows you to tinker with the applications and determine if it feels right to you.  A big part of selecting a sequencing application will depend on what you are using now, where you like to get your support (phone, forum, Facebook, etc.) and of course your budget.

SELECT THE METHOD OF SEQUENCE GENERATION

There seem to be two camps when it comes to sequencing - there is the "I'll do it myself" and "I'll use pre-sequenced songs".  There are pros and cons to each method:

  • DIY Sequencing
    • PRO's  
      • Each sequence will reflect your ability, good or bad on how YOU want your display to feel.
      • You won't have to hunt down sequences or pay for sequences (typically high pixel count sequences run in the $20 to $40 range).
      • The sequence will be 100% customized to your display and won't need to be "tweaked" to fit your display elements.
    • CON's
      • Sequencing can take from hours per minute of music (high quality, hand sequenced) to an hour per song (lower quality, generic, computer sequenced).
      • You'll need to learn how to use "self sequencing" applications like LightShow Pro, Xlights Nutcracker or SuperStar lights.)  Depending on your skill , this can take hours to days.
  • Purchase Pre-Sequenced Songs
    • PRO's
      • If your element (Megatrees are the most common) matches up perfectly to the pixel count in the sequence, it can be truly plug-n-play.
      • Allows you to use high quality hand-sequenced songs from others with more skill in this area.
      • Vendors should be able to help you with loading and minor customization of your sequence as part of the cost of the sequence purchase.
    • CON's
      • If your element, in particular house outlines, doesn't "match up" to the sequence from the vendor, it can be a lot of work to adjust it to match the channel count and design of your display.
      • It costs more in initial outlay.  Of course this doesn't factor in if you place a cost on your time.
The major issue today with pixels is that baring a few element types like MegaTrees, there is just about zero standardization.  So, if you purchase a pre-sequenced song for someone that has a house outline with 500 pixels and your house has 800 pixel on an outline, it can be fairly complicated (depending on the application) to adapt it over to meet your specific needs.  

The problem today is that there isn't really a perfect application out there.  Even when I started with pixels back in 2010 I could see that the software would always be a problem (see the Death of the Grid article).  I must say that while people have made strides in minor improvements and add-ons, we've yet to see the big money project to make a truly well designed sequencing application.  But, that said, don't let this sway you, even with the tools today it is possible to make some really amazing displays.

CONCLUSION

While we've tried to boil down the process of designing a pixel based element to as few elements as possible, the process can be a bit daunting for some.  Don't worry - start with a single project and we are sure, like nearly all our customers, that you'll be able to be doing better and better projects before you know it!

Have a great season from HolidayCoro.com!

If you have any feedback or corrections, please feel free to leave them below.  If you have questions, please direct them to our website feedback page for the quickest answer.




31 August 2014

How to Solder Waterproof Wiring to Pixel Strings (Video)

Worried about how to solder your waterproof extension cables to your pixel strings?  Worry no more, the following video shows how simple it is to solder on wiring to your pixels:



The following products were used in this video:

10ft, 3 core extension cable
12v, WS2811 Pixel String
1/8" Heat Shrink Tubing
3/8" Heat Shrink Tubing

29 May 2014

Soldering Extension Wire onto Strip Light

We have customers that are sometimes concerned about working with strip lighting we sell and how they can extend it and/or attach connectors to it.  The video below shows how simple and quick it can be to solder on extension wiring onto strip lighting:



You can find our extension wire here:

4 Conductor, 18 AWG
3 Conductor, 18 AWG

20 May 2014

Is a RGB Pixel Package A Good Choice for My RGB Project?

A very common question we get is - does HolidayCoro have a package or kit of RGB pixel items that can be used for RGB projects.  This blog post hopes to be able to provide you with sound advice about when a "package" or kit is a good choice and when it isn't a good choice for you and your project.  This article is a follow-up to our "Cheap Isn't Free When It Comes To RGB" blog post which talks about the pros and cons of DIY vs vendor developed solutions from a time and cost perspective.  First, let's start off with defining the project you plan to build - while there are many different types of projects that involve RGB and/or pixels - in this article we will use the two most popular uses of pixels today and the ones for which we receive the most questions about:

  • Outline a House (soffit, fascia, roof line, windows, etc) with pixels (covered in this blog post)
  • Building a pixel MegaTree

Outlining A House with Pixels

Each time we work with a customer on a house outline there are many common items/questions for all installations - length (linear feet) of area to cover, density of control (pixels per meter or inch), budget, controllers and the overall look the customer wants to achieve.  Let's start with these and look at the different options:
  • Length of area to cover - There is never a single length for any house type because each house has different lengths and each customer wishes to outline different areas (windows or no windows, roof line or no roof line).  As such, any "package" deal would need to have the specific amount of lighting for that specific installation.  Additionally, other factors such as long run lengths that might need 12v lights instead of 5v lights can also factor into the decision based on the design of the house.
  • Density of control - Some displays are viewed from hundreds of feet away, others are viewed from tens of feet - as such, the value of specific pixel density (30 LED/m vs., say 48 LED/m or 60 LED/m) changes from display to display.  Additionally, with different density comes different sequencing and bandwidth requirements, which, depending on the display, can be an important factor.
  • Budget - Each person's budget is different and that factors into how they design their display.  Some customers will want nice moulded waterproof connections on lights, others are satisfied by basic, non-waterproof connections.
  • Controllers - The number and type of controllers will vary depending on the physical layout of the house.  Sometimes it can be be cheaper and easier to install more controllers than less due to the amount of additional wiring that would be required to support just one controller.
As you can see, even with just this small subset of factors that go into the proper design of a house outline - there will never be the same "package" for each house because there are just too many variables involved.

For house outlines, you'll either need to use a guide like our, how-to blog post on the subject to design your own or use a design service offered by some vendors that look at your specific needs and then can recommend the exact right combination of hardware for your house.  Currently no other vendor other than HolidayCoro offers custom house outline services.  As HolidayCoro attempts to strike a balance as we are a low-margin hardware vendor we offer design services as an additional for fee service which can be found here:  http://www.holidaycoro.com/product-p/design1.htm

For a representation of the hardware in a common house outline, see:  http://www.holidaycoro.com/RGB-House-Outline-Packages-s/1967.htm 

Pixel MegaTree

A pixel MegaTree is a very common project for many displays.  A pixel MegaTree is pretty much just a large matrix of pixels, wrapped around a cone and is used to display effects.  There are a number of inputs into a MegaTree and they are:
  • Height and Width of the MegaTree - Typically a "package" MegaTree will be set for a specific height because the diameter of the tree along with the spacing of the pixels in the package determine the final overall height.  If the size of the tree and the mounting method used to build that tree work well for you, a package may be a good choice.  If you have specific spacing requirements, such as the high density needed to display readable, scrolling text, the pixels included with a package may not be the best choice.  Additionally, if you have specific needs such as a smaller tree due to a small yard or close proximity to your audience, or, if your display is huge and you need something more in "scale" with your other display items, a packaged design likely isn't a good choice.
  • Pixel Type - The type of pixel used on a MegaTree greatly affects the overall look and functionality of the MegaTree.  Choices can include nodes, strip or even bulbs.  Each physical type of pixel has a pro and con.
  • Controller / Power - Since MegaTrees are typically full (360 degree) or half (180 degree) cones, it makes sense to have the power and controller centrally located in the trunk and thus most packages include a controller, power supply(s) and mounting box.
So, while a MegaTree does allow for some level of "standardization" to allow for it to be put into a package, make sure that package meets your pixel type and density requirements - if your specific needs, such as height, spacing or node type differ, you'll likely be better off with a custom solution instead of a package.

HolidayCoro offers common pixel tree formats of 50 pixels x 12 or 50 pixels by 16 in strips and nodes:  http://www.holidaycoro.com/RGB-Pixel-Mega-Tree-Packages-s/1964.htm

If your needs are more specific, HolidayCoro can also design a MegaTree based on your specific project requirements through our consulting service: http://www.holidaycoro.com/product-p/design2.htm


27 December 2013

Factors to Consider When Designing an RGB Pixel Matrix

Over the years we at HolidayCoro have been asked why we only sell a single pixel matrix product - our 18" x 24" pixel with either 150 or 162 pixels.  Well, actually, we've produced a fair number of custom matrix based panel items for customers over the years and the main reason we don't offer all these variations for sale is because each project is so different.  The article hopes to provide information on factors that we consider when working with customers on designing a pixel matrix and hopefully this will help those building their own or working with us to custom produce one.
  • What exactly is the purpose of the pixel matrix?
    • Is this matrix intended to be dense enough that viewers will be able to see objects scrolling or displayed on it such as text, icons or logos?  
    • What is the viewing distance from the matrix to the viewer?  If you've ever looked at a big screen TV up close, you can understand the relationship the size of the pixels (lights) have to the distance they are being viewed from.
    • What is the viewing angle?  A curve pixel panel (such as a pixel megatree) can look odd if all the pixels in the matrix are not visible to the viewer.
    • What is the shape of the matrix?  Is the matrix a cone, in the case of a pixel megatree, where the pixels at the top are in a much higher density than those at the bottom of the tree?  Is the matrix cylindrical?  flat? concave or convex?  All these designs have an effect on the final output, pixel density and mounting methods.
  • Technical factors to consider include:
    • Number of pixels - This is an important factor to consider and the number shouldn't be random - it should be based on the design requirements.  Look closely at how many pixels you'll need and their spacing from each other.  If needed, build a sample mock-up and view it from the distance and angle you expect your viewer to view it from. 
    • Pixel height and width - Also consider how many pixels you may need to display certain items such as a text font which often require a 5x8 pattern.  Again, keep in mind that you will also need to have the pixels close enough that the human eye can make out the pattern - just because it might look good in the sequencing software doesn't mean that will translate into the real world.  
    • Multi-Panel Alignment - If the matrix will be comprised of several panels, be sure to carefully consider the spacing within a panel and how it relates to the spacing induced between two adjoining panels.  This may mean that you will need to increase the center-to-center spacing of the lights to match that of the panel-to-panel gap.
    • Mounting or support - An important part of any matrix is how you will mount it - because a matrix tends to be a flat area (excluding pixel megatrees), you'll need to think hard about what system you'll use to mount the substrate on to which the pixels are mounted. If that surface catches the air, there could be problems with it blowing over or toppling the support structure.  Also consider that you'll need to store this mounting system in the off-season - so if the panels need to go into an attic, consider the opening going to the attic.
    • Substrate mounting - In most cases, you'll need to mount your pixels to a substrate - not only to support them but to maintain a clean and even spacing - there isn't anything worse than a matrix that has mis-aligned pixels.  How you mount those pixels can vary - it could be holes in coro like we do at HolidayCoro or it could be screwed or glued to wood slats or plywood - this all depends on your pixel type.
    • Pixel type - The type of pixel you select will often be a by-product of the distance and viewing angle of the people viewing your matrix.  These pixels could be in a strip form, node form or module form and each has it's pros and cons and there is no one pixel that is best suited for all matrix types.
    • Channels - Keep in mind that you'll often have many, many DMX channels on a matrix display and it makes sense to select pixel counts that fall within a set number of DMX universes - so don't design a pixel display that requires 180 pixels (18 wide by 10 high) if it could have been done in 163 pixels (18 wide by 9 high) which fits neatly into a single DMX universe and thus saves you a controller or controller output and also makes your sequencing easier to setup and manage.
    • Repairs - Factor in that pixels DO fail and that you'll need to fix them.  So consider how easy it will be to remove and replace pixels.
    • Cost / Budget - A matrix can grow in cost quite quickly when you factor in hundreds to thousands of pixels, so be sure to ask yourself the overall value of the matrix and how well it accomplishes its goal.  If this is just for announcing the radio station and song titles, a simple matrix will do - if you need to scroll logos or animations, you'll need a larger and more expensive matrix.
    • Big isn't always better - Since pixels have come down in price and complexity, we've seen a number of pixel matrix panels (and pixel megatrees) in displays that just completely over-shadow and "hog" the display.  We believe that a well balanced display should be the ideal and that one mega-element can leave your audience so fixated on one area that they fail to see other areas and animation. 
    • Software & Sequencing - Building a matrix panel is only one part of the process and the other major part is generating the sequencing for that panel.  Since it is nearly impossible to "hand" sequence matrix displays, you'll want to consider applications like LightShow Pro's matrix animator or Light-o-Rama's Superstar lights or other freeware applications that have been coming into the market.  You may even want to design your pixel display hardware, then start sequencing it before you buy or build it to evaluate how complex it will be to sequence the matrix. 

19 December 2013

How many lights can be connected to a controller, what controller do I need for RGB lights, what wiring should I use for RGB lights and/or what power supply do I need for my RGB lights?

We often get requests from customers that ask how many lights they can connect to a controller, how many lights can be connected to a controller/power supply, what type of wire they need to hook up their lights and/or controllers or what power supply they should choose - and this blog post will work to answer those questions. This article assumes you are working with RGB lights and using a DMX based, constant voltage (all HolidayCoro controllers are constant voltage) controller, though the concepts will often apply to other controller types.  If the following information looks too complicated to learn or you'd rather just "have the answer", I'd recommend against working with a DIY lighting solution because a failure to fully understand the power requirements in some parts of the system can result in damage to the hardware all the way to house fires - and I've seen them both occur - so DO NOT "wing it" here.  Alternately, you can pay someone to "run the numbers" or there are vendors that sell plug-n-play systems and while they are not as flexible as a completely DIY system, there will be little to no need to understand power requirements - just plug-n-play.

The key to understanding how many lights can be connected to a given controller, it is important to see the lights and controller as only individual parts in a system that consists of:

Lights < Lighting Wiring < Controller < Power Wiring < Power Supply

Let's work through the chain and examine each part, starting with:

  • Lights
    • Purpose:  The lights are the final end-goal of any lighting system and they provide the light output for your display.
    • Selection:  Lights are selected on a wide variety of factors - more than can be fully described in this post but some of the factors are:
      • Physical:  You'll want to select the physical format, be that modules (square, rectangle, etc), nodes (8mm/12mm usually) or strip that best suits the mounting method and directional change (going around corners, curves, etc) requirements.
      • Voltage:  LED lights can come in a variety of voltages, usually 5V and 12V DC.  There are advantages and disadvantages of both of these common voltage ranges so refer to additional sources on proper voltage selection.  In general, you can go longer distances with higher voltage drops with higher voltage lights (12v) than low voltage drops (5v), though low voltage (5v) is much more power efficient and sometimes has brighter output.
      • Optics:  This can include output angle (60, 90, 180, 360 degrees, etc), color mixing (5050 on-die LED, Tri-Color 8mm, three 5mm separate LEDs, etc), light diffusion and many other factors.
      • Control type:  LED's can be controlled via constant current or constant voltage.  Constant current controllers are usually designed into dedicated systems like floods and it requires a specifically matched LED or LEDs to a specific controller as where constant voltage controller allows any number of LED lights as along as they are below the output requirements of the controller.  For pixel lights - the pixel is always supplied with constant voltage, even if in the chip it is constant current, so for pixels, consider them constant voltage devices.
  • Lighting Wiring
    • Purpose:  This wiring is either the wiring between each LED light in a string, such as in the case of RGB LED nodes or it maybe a circuit board in the case of RGB strip lights.  This wiring brings the power from the controller down to each light.
    • Selection:  There are no "standards" or "normal" wiring types here - each vendors wiring can be different.  One vendor may sell RGB nodes with 24 AWG wire (thin) compared to another vendor that uses 18 AWG (thicker) wire and they can look exactly the same.  I would not always trust the data provided by the vendor, more so if your supplier is outside the US as they often lie or copy other vendor specs even if they don't match the actual product.  In an ideal world, you would want the thickest gauge wire possible as it will be able to best transport the power with the least losses but the reality is that thicker wire is harder to work with (less flexible, harder to solder to circuit boards or lights) and is more expensive, so usually there is some "balance" between cost, weight and the distance needed for the lights to be run over.
    • Additional information:  Ideally, your vendor will list the maximum run on serially/continuously connected lights that can be supported before there is a "reasonable" drop in power.  So, for example, you might have one vendor that sells a 100 count string of 12v RGB nodes and they have a voltage drop from the start to the end of the string of 6v - or 50% of the power is used/lost between the start and the end.  Then you may have another vendor that has 12v RGB nodes that have a 3v drop over the 100 count string.  Again, this could be due to a number of factors - power consumption/design of each LED, gauge of the wire, quality of the circuit board, the type of solder used, the number of strands in the wire, the type of wire (100% copper, tin coated copper, tin only, etc.)  So, unless your vendor provides SPECIFIC information on how much power, over a given length at a given voltage the lights use - YOU MUST TEST AND MEASURE THEM YOURSELF!  Don't go by estimates or guesses - only trust the data.  When you've collected the power consumption amounts, you should then have a amperage (at a given voltage) or wattage for the number of lights or length of lights.  An example of this may be 37 watts per 5 meters of RGB strip.
    • Additional information:  You should always measure current draw with ALL colors on, so for RGB lights this means the light will be "white" in color.  Ideally you should leave the all lights on over a period of time (an hour or so) to get a true measurement as resistance goes up (along with higher power consumption) as the wires and lights heat up.
  • Controller
    • Purpose:  A controller is designed to rapidly turn off and on the power going to a light to create the impression of "dimming" - it does this usually through a process called Pulse Width Modulation.  
    • Selection:  Once you have selected your light type, then you've tested the power consumption, you can then determine which controller will be able to handle those lights.  Controllers are rated in amps or watts - which are the same thing when amps is combined with a given voltage.  So, if your vendor says that the controller can handle "6 amps per RGB channel" they mean that there are three individual DMX channels, each which can handle 2 amps - or a Three Channel DMX Controller.  The key here is - what is the voltage, so the voltage would be, say 12 volts, so if we use Ohms law, we come up with:  12v * 2amps = 24 watts, so this controller would handle 24 watts of power for each output or 72 watts per RGB channel (3 channels.)  So, if you've selected lights that you've TESTED to be 100 watts per "string" when they are lit up as white, than that single RGB output on the controller used in the prior example (72 watts) would not be sufficient to handle the load and you would either need to reduce the number of lights (less likely if the lights were planned correctly) or you would then need to divide up the load with either an additional controller or a multi-channel controller such as a 27 DMX channel / 9 RGB channel DMX controller.
    • Additional information:  Controller terminology comes in all different forms here are some of the common terms:
      • Channel:  Usually this refers to a single, two connection (wire, solder pad or screw terminal) output tied to a single DMX channel.  So a three channel controller would have three of these outputs and would also have three corresponding DMX channels.
      • RGB Channel:  An RGB channel is the same thing as a three channel controller - it means that with each of the three channels, red, green and blue can be controlled to make most any color.
      • DMX Channel:  This is a single output usually, that can be adjusted from a level of 0/zero/off all the way up to 255/on.
    • Additional information:  It doesn't make any difference if the controller is a pixel/smart controller or dumb controller - they both use power in the same way the only difference being that one can control each light individually vs all lights at the same time.
  • Power Wiring
    • Purpose:  Power wiring transports the power from the power supply to the controller.
    • Selection:  This selection is usually pretty easy and "by the numbers".  Those numbers are determined by the TOTAL power consumption of ALL the LEDs attached to the controller or controllers at the other end of the power cable - it has nothing to do with your controller because if you've properly allocated the maximum number of LEDs to your controller(s), than you just add them all up.  So, if you have two controllers, each with 50 watts of LEDs, you need a power cable able to handle 100 watts.  So, how do you select a cable that can handle 100 watts?  That depends on the distance to the controller.  So, these two factors - the amount of power you need to carry and the distance between the power supply and the controller(s) - we've covered this exact topic in our blog post about RGB wiring selection - check there for additional information and wiring selection charts.
  • Power Supply
    • Purpose:  To provide sufficient power at the correct voltage to the controller to power the lights.
    • Selection:  Power supply selection is the last item to select and is pretty simple based on a few factors, such as:
      • Total power consumption:  That same amount of power consumption that was determined in the power wiring section (the total power consumption of all the LEDs connected to the controller(s)) applies completely to the power supply.  If all your LEDs require 100 watts, you'll need AT LEAST a 100 watt power supply, though usually a 10 to 20% overhead is a good idea.
      • Form factor:  Power supplies can be purchased in many different forms - from waterproof, to water resistant to open frame.  Mainly this has to do with how you intend to use the power supply.  If the lights are inside, a simple shrouded power supply will be fine - no need for waterproof but if you are mounting it outside in a high humidity environment, you may be better off with a waterproof power supply.  Also consider how you'll attach or mount the power supply.  Also consider air flow as high wattage (250w +) power supplies often have fans and need a sufficient volume of air for cooling.
      • Voltage:  Of course the lights you selected at the start will be a given voltage and thus this applies to the power supply.  So, if you have 12v lights, you'll mostly likely need a 12v power supply.


We hope this helps you in the selection of the right wiring, power supply, controller capacity and lights for your project.  Here are some other related blog articles:



27 May 2013

A Demonstration of the Effects of Power Draw on Long Lengths of RGB Lights

Todays blog post is about the effects that power draw has on RGB lights.  We've taked about it before in our blog post about how wiring affects power distribution and in our demonstration example house where we lined it with pixels and handled the issue of power consumption.

This video is pretty simple - it shows 160 pixels (480 DMX channels) connected to a single power supply and our HolidayCoro pixel controller.  It is intended to show the effects that the gauge of the power wire and the power consumption of the pixels themselves have on the actual light output.


(open in YouTube with High Def for better viewing)

Post any questions below.

Thanks,
David
HolidayCoro.com

30 April 2013

The Nearly Famous RGB Video Series - Everything You Wanted To Know About Pixels But Couldn't Find The Answer

When I started researching RGB and pixel solutions in early 2010, there was just about no information on the internet as to what all the teminolgy, protocols, wiring, controllers and other items were.  After extensive research and work with others, I decided to document all the information I knew at the time in the form of a video series.  The focus behind the videos was to simply show each type of lighting, controller, wiring, etc in a non-vendor specific manner so that someone just getting started out could get up to speed on the terminolgy and functions.  This information, while produced in late 2010, early 2011 is older now, every bit of it is still completely relevant.  Since this information is squirrled away on our website, I though I would repost it here for those new to RGB and pixels.

The videos below cover the general topics of RGB as they relate to Holiday Lighting.

  • Video #1
    • What is RGB?
    • What are the different type of RGB lighting devices?
    • What is Basic RGB and RGB Pixels?
    • How to Pixels get their addresses?
    • How do you assign channels to pixels?
    • What are controller macros?
 

  • Video #2
    • How do I fix dead pixels?
    • What is the difference between three and four wire pixels?  Does it matter?
    • How do I know which end of my pixels to hook to the controller?  Does it matter?
    • How do I power my pixels?
    • Why are there different voltages for pixels?
    • What is the difference between centralized and de-centralized power distribution of pixels?
    • How many pixels can be on a single controller output?
    • What is color depth in pixels?  Why does it matter?
 

  • Video #3
    • What are the different type of pixel chips?
    • What quality issues should I be aware of when purchasing pixels?
    • What are the drawbacks of RGB over just regular Christmas lights?
    • What advantage do Basic RGB and RGB Pixels give me?
 

  • Video #4
    • What are the different types of Basic RGB controllers?
    • Why would I want to use basic RGB controllers and LEDs instead of pixel based controllers and LEDs?
    • What are the different types of RGB Pixel controllers?